To clarify, side-loaded apps are only signed with a certificate valid for 7 days if you're on a regular, non-developer Apple account. If you pay $99/yr for the developer account, that is increased to 1 year.

There are workarounds being worked on for this - one being AltStore [1] (does not allow arbitrary IPAs yet).

You can also sideload on Windows/Linux with Cydia Impactor[0] - on Mac you can use either impactor or xcode/CLI tools to sign IPAs.

0: http://www.cydiaimpactor.com/

1: https://altstore.io/

A few minor corrections: AltStore does allow sideloading arbitrary IPAs, even on the non-Patreon version, and IIRC Cydia Impactor is currently broken for free accounts.

You can also use the enterprise program to distribute up to 10,000 copies duectly (might actually be more now).

AltStore isn’t really just a workaround at this point and yes you can install any random ipa - you can even add new sources to install from

You basically need to build the program yourself and it only works for 7 days.

Also good luck loading anything like an alternative OS.

Just use AltStore - automatically refreshes your apps so they never expire and you can install an ipa just like an Android apk (and again no jailbreak required)