Not in the slightest. Check out glycemic index [0]. Sugar absorption rates affect how your body functions. There is massive negative effects when your body is working hard to balance your glucose levels due to sugar rich foods or high glycemic index.
Your body does not work harder just because the food has high glycemic index, I would say it is the opposite. The body has a very easy time using glucose for example compared to fructose which needs to through the liver which in turn increases the risk of liver damage if you eat too much.
However I was obviously referring to the weight gain and loss I mentioned in my previous sentence. I.e. the long distance runners in your link that chooses high glycemic food are not getting fat anytime soon.
0 - https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/glyce...